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Metallomics is a frontier interdisciplinary subject at its vigorous development stage. Its goal is to systematically study the content, distribution, chemical species, structural characteristics and functions of metal elements in biological system. It is also a comprehensive discipline to study the existing state and function of free or complex metal elements in life. Metallomics is an ideal tool to study the biological behavior of inorganic elements, which can be used to solve many problems in the research of mineral Chinese medicine(MCM). It provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support for the research of MCM. Its theory and methods provide re-ference and enlightenment for the in-depth study of MCM, and also provide new ideas and open up new ways for the research of MCM. The application of metallomics theory and methods in the research of MCM is of great significance to reveal the material basis and mec-hanism of MCM, promote the process of basic research on MCM, fully exploit and utilize medicinal mineral resources and carry forward the traditional MCM treasure in China. In this paper, we introduced the concept, academic development, research content and research methods of metallomics, and discussed the application prospects of metallomics in the analysis of inorganic element composition characteristics and quality control, material basis and mechanism of MCM, so as to provide reference for further researches on MCM.
Subject(s)
China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Minerals , Quality ControlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the bioaccessibility and evaluate the safety of inorganic elements in decoction of "Zhebawei" traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). METHODSE: The bioaccessibility of inorganic elements in decoction of "Zhebawei" TCMs was measured based on in vitro digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and the safety of these elements were evaluated by comparing with the safe limits issued by the FAO and WHO. RESULTS: The bioaccessibility of the inorganic elements was less than 1, and varied among different elements of the same herbal medicine or for the same element among different herbal medicines. Cd, V, Se, Cr, Sn, and As were not detected in the dialysate of some TCMs' decoction after in vitro digestion because of the total content being low or undetected in decoction. The result of safety evaluation showed that the daily intakes of Ni, Fe, Mn, Se, Cu, Zn, Co, V, Cr from the decoction of "Zhebawei" TCMs were all within safe limits. The daily intakes of Cd and Sn did not exceed the level of personal acceptable daily intake instituted by the FAO and WHO. The total content in the decoction of Rhizoma Corydalis was more than the level of personal acceptable daily intake instituted by FAO and WHO, however the amount in the dislysate of "Zhebawei" TCMs' decoction after in vitro digestion were under the standard. The analysis of total content may exaggerate the risk of toxicity. CONCLUSION: The results will provide the basis for further researches such as bioavailability and safety of inorganic elements in "Zhebawei" TCMs, and will provide references for ensuring the rational use of TCM according to the analysis of inorganic elements.
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Based on the theory of "component structure", the component structure characteristics of 17 inorganic elements in 20 batches of genuine Moutan Cortex and 12 batches of non-genuine Moutan Cortex were analyzed. The analytical method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) for inorganic elements in Moutan Cortex was established, and the fingerprint of inorganic elements was drawn. Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the constituent elements of inorganic elements in Moutan Cortex were excavated, namely characteristic elements As, Cr, Pb, Se, K, Cu and Cd. The amount and the quantity relative ratio between the components of genuine and non-genuine Moutan Cortex samples were analyzed. It was found that the amount of characteristic elements in the bulk genuine Moutan Cortex samples was 0.33, 1.42, 1.33, 0.11, 4 385.78, 4.87, 0.49 mg·kg~(-1), with the quantity relative ratio of 1.00∶4.30∶4.03∶0.33∶13 290.24∶14.76∶1.48. The amount of characteristic elements in sub-packaged genuine Moutan Cortex was 0.24, 1.96, 0.36, 0.05, 5 122.01, 4.81, 0.05 mg·kg~(-1), with the quantity relative ratio of 1.00∶8.17∶1.50∶0.21∶21 341.71∶20.04∶0.21. The unique structural characteristics of inorganic elements in genuine Moutan Cortex are studied to provide a basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of Moutan Cortex.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Paeonia , Principal Component Analysis , Quality Control , Trace ElementsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 21 inorganic elements in Hypericum japoni-cum. METHODS:ICP-MS method was adopted. The power was 1300 W;flow rate of cooling gas was 1.5 L/min;flow rate of carrier gas was 0.8 L/min;flow rate of auxiliary gas was 0.2 L/min;integration time was 10 s;delay time of 1 s;repetition times was one time;measurement mode was standard curve method. SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for relationship analysis and main component analysis. RESULTS:The linear range of iron,magnesium,calcium,aluminum,potassium,sodium,zinc,co-balt,nickel,barium,manganese,phosphorus,selenium,titanium,strontium,copper,arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead,mer-cury were 50-250 μg/mL(r=0.9972),25-100 μg/mL(r=0.9989),25-100 μg/mL(r=0.9977),2.5-15 μg/mL(r=0.9996), 25-150 μg/mL(r=0.9991),2.5-15 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0. 0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9998),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9996),0.5-2 μg/mL(r=0.9995),2.5-10μg/mL(r=0.9999),0.5-2 μg/mL(r=0.9983),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9997),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999), 2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),0.05-0.2 μg/mL(r=0.9992),0.05-0.2 μg/mL(r=0.9997),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 5.0%. The recoveries were 93.9%-106.9%(RSD were 0.22%-2.94%,n=6).CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 21 inorganic el-ements in H. japonicum.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the contents of inorganic elements in geranium from three different sources and analyze the relevance to soil. METHODS: The contents of 16 kinds of inorganic elements in crude geranium and its soils from three different sources were determined. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS17.0 software. Characteristic spectra of medicinal inorganic element were established according to the element profiling. RESULTS: The contents of inorganic elements in crude drugs were positively correlated with those in the soil. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test showed that except for Cu and Hg, the differences in the contents of the rest 14 inorganic elements had statistical significance. Bayes analysis showed that Fisher linear discriminant function could be used to identify crude geranium from three different sources. CONCLUSION: The contents of inorganic elements in geranium are mainly regulated by selective absorption from soil and there are significant differences among herbs from three different sources.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic changes of the inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the inorganic elements in the leaves of Plumbago zeylanica L. cultivated by different methods.
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Objective: Qualitative and quantitative determination of the contents of inorganic elements in Corium Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor. Methods: Qualitative determination by atomic emission spectrometry and quantitative determination by ICP AES.Conclusion: The content of calcium is the highest in Corium Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor.
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Objective: To apply fuzzy clustering analysis to determination of 10 inorganic elements and Cu/Zn ratio in 13 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine cured for vascular disease. Methods: By FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry) sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, copper and zinc were determined. By range analysis, correlation coefficients and relative fuzzy matrix were calculated.Results: Correlation coeffieients ? were mostly in the range of 0.55～0.80, especially ?=0.95 between Buzhangnaoxintong Capsule and Xinbao Pill. Conclusion: On condition that trace and macro elements are relatively rich and clustering correlation coefficients are larger, therapentic effects among traditional Chinese medicines cured for vascular disease are also similar. This suggests that trace elements, macro elements and Cu/Zn ratio have much to do with therapeutic effect.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of different processing methods(steeping, boiling) and different adjuvants(alum, ginger, bile) on contents of amino acid and part of inorganic elements in Arisaema amurense Maxim.. Methods: The amino acid was determined by HPLC, and the inorganic elements were determined by AAS. Results: The total content of amino acid was the highest in raw Arisaema amurense Maxim. and the lowest in Arisaema amurense Maxim. processed with bile, wherease it was similar to other processed samples. The inorganic element content changed after it was processed. Conclusion: The long rinse is the key factor of losing amino acid in Arisaema amurense Maxim. after being processed. The content of inorganic element in adjuvants is the key factor of their content changes in Arisaema amurense Maxim. after it is processed.